the translator's presence in translated narrative texts

this paper examines cases of the translator's presence in translated narrative texts. after reviewing the literature, hermans believes that a translated text belongs to the second voice which is always present in a translation. the paper elaborates, through some translated passages into persian, upon three cases of a translator's presence; namely, cases where the text’s orientation towards an implied reader is directly at issue; cases of self-reflexiveness and self-referentiality; certain cases of contextual overdetermination. having referred to venuti's (in)visibility, resistance and minoritization, this paper refers to venuti's ways of domesticating and foreignizing the translation. finally, it mentions other ways in which a translator shows him/ herself through the translation.